Hydrocarbon-motor.



A. B. FOWLER. HYDROGABBON MOTOR.

APPLIoATIoN FILED AUG. 4. 1902.

A. B. FOWLER. nYnnooAnBoN Mo'roa.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 4 1902. 4 989,241 Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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STATQENT OFFICE.

i Bn FOWLER, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

n'smRocARBoN-'Moron Sp'eccation of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

' ppliqaton led August 4, 1902, Serial No. 118,408.

Taall whom it may, concern: f l f Be it knownthat I, ALFRED B.4 Fownnn, a citizen .of thegUr/iited States, residing at Boston, in the county ofSuflolk and State of Massachusetts,- have invented, certa-in new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon- 'Motors and I do hereby declare the follow-- ilg to be a full, clear, and exact descriptiony o t he invention, such as will enable others skilled.- inthe art towhich it' appertains to make and use the sante.

-The present invention relates to hydro'- carbon motors.l

The object oi."v the present invention is to construct' a motor of the above class in which the quanti-ty; of explosive mixture -compressed and ignited in the cylinder shall be accurately controlled by aritomatic mecha; .nism to maintain the speed of the motor Substantially constant under-a varying load.

A further object of the present invention is tp provide a hydro-carbon motor in which lquantity ot'v oil or fuel supplied shall be a ,tpniatically varied to maintain the explosive mixture at substantially the same degrec of richness, irrespective of the size of the charges .exploded in the cylinder.

Another object of thc present invention is to provide a hydro-carbon motor with mech- 'anism constructed and arranged to vary the point of ignition to conform to the new conditions resulting from a variation in speed of the motor and in size of the cliargcs exploded therein. l,

In 'mv pending application tiled September 9, 1h01, Serial No. 74,799, I have shown `the compression stroke of the piston accord ing to the speed of the motor, to permit a Vportion ot the tullcharge which is drawn into the cylinder at cach suction strolre to. be

expelled therefrom so that only enough gas shall remain in the cylinder and be compressed and ignited to maintain the speed ot' the motor at the desired number of revolutions per minute. I have also provided in t he motor, which the subject of the present application, mechanism which automatically shifts 'the point of ignition when the speed changes and the size of the charge is varied,

so that the point oit ignition conforms to the quantity of' gas exploded and to the speed of the motor. Moreover, I have provided a de,-

vice for supplying fuel which automaticallyvaries the amount delivered according to the size `of the charges exploded in the. cylinder,

so that the quality of the explosive mixture remains substantially constant.

In the drawings which illustrate a preferrcd form of the present invention, Figure l is a vertical scctionof the inlet Valve .controlling mechanism and Fig. 2 is a side elevation o'l the same, a portion of the motor proper, which is preferably of the type shown in my pending application hereinbei'orc referred to, beine" shown to illustrate more clearly the construction and mode of operation ot' the governing device; Fig.v3 is a section on line 3 3, Fig. 5, looking toward the right, showing the ignition cam and the oil pump and its actuating cam; Fig. 4 is an 'elevation looking toward t'he right in Fig.

5, showing the inlet valve cam and oil pump cam; Fig. 5 is an elevation ot the mlct valve, ignition and oil pump cams; Fig. is an elelration of the .sh-.eve ttor shifting the inlet valve and the ignition cams; Figs. 'T and 8 ar(` detail views of the ignition cam; Figs. 9 and l0 are detail views of the member which carriesl the oil pump cam; and Figs. 1l and l2 are detail views of the member for varying the throw of the oil pump cam.

l represents the cylinder of the ,motor in which, two pistons are arranged to reciprocate, the arrarwcmt-.ut ot pistons, connecting rods. and cran :s (not shown in the present drawings) being the sumo as in my pending application above rc'tcrred to. 4

L is the driving ;hal`t ofthe motor and a bearing 'l'or the same. l is a goa r mounted upon said drivingl shaft and meshing willi thc gear 5 mounted upon the cam shaft (3.,

7 is a lever pivoted at S and carrying the construction above described of the outlet therefor. j

13, 13 are'springs which actnormally to raise the cross bar 14 which is guided by the vertical rods 15. A collar 16 pinned' upon the valve spindle 22 is engaged'by said crossbar 14 and pressed upward, normally hold-- ing the inlet Avalve closed. The'outlet valve 11 provided with the valve'fspindle 12 1s.

normally held closed-in the same manner as inlet valve 21 bymeans of the springs, guide shaft 6 Whichjis'rotated at just half the' .speed-of shat2, the motor being of the Ottol of the lever is connected by apin and slot. connection the vertically movable cam lever4 rods, cross bar'and collar.- The spindle 12 is depressed and they outlet valve opened' against the tension. of the Springs-by means of `a'horizontal lever (not shown but corresponding vto lever 24) pivote'd -upon the bracket 18 which is projected from' the cover 19 of 4thevalve elitist; a vertical lever 20 pivotally connected at its upperendto the hori- -zontal lever and engaged at its lower end by 'the cam 'lever 7 imparting thefvertical oscillations offsaid'cam lever 7 to the horizontal lever. Cam 10 being keyed upon or four-cycle type, the outlet valve is opened alndxclosed in unchangin' timev relation in the cycle of operation 'o .the motor.' The valve and its actuating mechanism is substantially identical with'thad', shown in'my PI'OI implication.

The inlet 'valve 21 Vis'. avranged to beopened by the suction of t episton and, -lvhen jthe- -englne isf developmgvits maximum' power,

that is,'usingv a. ulIcharge, this. valvef is closed'- by the springs 5,13. assisted bythe compressifon. When, however, the .engine is de-` veloping less than,its fullpower, that is,

when it is using only a portionof a full charge, the closing ofthe inlet 'valve at'the.

end of the 'intake or suctionistrdke is prevented, such closing takingplaca later and at `som e,point 1n the compression stroke so that'a-portionof-- the full chargewhi'ch hasbeen 4d'rawn into the lcylinder isgforced backl 5o' through the inlet valve., This delay inthe closing of the inlet valve'toreduce the charge' and thus control the speediof the motor is 'order that the" quali ty of the gaseous mix-v ture supplied tothe 'cylinder shall remain substantially constant, II have 'provided'. fmeans whereby a.' v.variable quantityv of fuel accomplished inthe following manner. `livotally mounted 'near its middle upon the'bracket 23 is the horizontal lever 24, one .end 'of-which isv arranged to engage the end ofthe spindle 22, whileY with the other end 25 carrying at its lower end-the cam roller` 2G whieh engages the-cam27 This cam 27,

the yshape of which is shown 1in Fig.4 4, nory f mally rotates with the'shaft- 6 but isarranged eration ,of motor and thus delay the-clos- I ing-of the inlet: .valve untilaportinof the charge originally drawn rintothe cylinder has been forced b ack through the valve, so that the charge left to be compressed andl ignited shall be no more than suliicient to maintain the speed of the motor at the pre'- determined number of lrevolutions per minute. The cam is rotated as follows te-Rotatably mounted upon the shaft 6 is the sleeve 28 provided with ,the segmental' gears 29" and carrying the cam 27 keyed thereon. Rigidly I secured upon the endof the cam shaft 6 by some suitable means, lsuch a s theset screw. 31, is the head 30. Mounted lin bearings in the opposite ends of said h'eaiilare),r the short shafts 32 carrying on their yineizlends the arms 33 `provided with the segmental gears 34 which mesh with the segmental gears 29 on the sleeve 28. Pinned upon `the outer ends of the shafts 32 are the weighted arms 35, vnormally held close together by means of the tension spring 36. Then the motor isin operation the sleeve 28 and cam secured .thereon will be held to rotate with the shaft 6 by the intermeshing gears 29 and 34, and

shafts 32 in their bearings land oscillate they only when the speedof the motor changes will the weighted arms l35 act to rock the segmental gears 34, which in turn rotate the sleeve 28 upon the shaft v6 and withit the'- cam 27 ,thus bringing said cam intoa diier- Aent 'relative' position and varying the'time -of closing. of the inletvalve. 'If thespeedv decreases due to. an increase' in the load',.the

cam willbe rotated for'Wardupon't-he shaft 6 sothat'the inlet valve may c-lose'earlier'in the-compression stroke or even at the end of the suction stroke, whenthe whole -cha'rge ldrawn into the cylinder will be vcompressed ioo and exploded. -If, however, the load is" di mini'shed and the speed increases, vthe cam.` willrbe'rotated backward and the inletvalve vwill lbeheld from closing for -a` longer or shorter period duringthe compression stroke of the pistons.-

The gasor explosive mixture for the Ino-V tor 1s produced 'by means of a .carbureter mto which, is delivered the requisite-qiian-' tityl of gasolene or other iliquid ffuel.i Inmay be delivered to the; carbureter, said otherwords,. the quantity `of fuel supplied tons. This result is accomplishedinthe illustrated' embodiment of my invention by from the pump, the'liinit of such movement shaft (3 by means of the set screw 50 is the `circular disk 5l provided withv thc cam slot memberth carryingvthe roll. 5T which enthe'cam slot in the circular disk above. the predetermined number'of revolu fcain 27 and the member 55 causes the cam -meinber 56 to be di'awn in by the movement direction of rotation of this shaft is indicated 'charge originally drawn into the cylimler mechanism which acts to vary the length of thestroke of an oil pump as 'the speed of the motor varies, the governing device for the inlet valve mechanism ontrolling also the oil pump stroke varying mechanism.

`410 is the oil pump provided with the rod tlvwhieh carries at its end the cam roll 42 inountedupon the cross head 43. In each end of the cross head/43 are secured the rods 44 which are arranged to slide in bearings in a4 fixed cross head 45 secured 'to the head of the .pump` cylinder. `Springs 46, surrounding the rods andy engaging at one end the movable cross head i3 an'd at the other the fixed cross head 45, act to move the cam roll and the piston rod outwardly being variablelby, adjustment of the nuts 4i' onthe ends ofthe rods lill.V The cam roll 4&2 engages a cam. which acts to force the piston and piston rod i'nwariilly to make the power stroke; of the pump, the idle or suetion stroke being made by the springs which have been compressed during this operation.

The cam which altuates the oil pump is so coi'istructed that its radial depth shall be varied by the governing device.l thus increasing or diminishing the length of stroke of the oil pump. This' variable throw cain is constructed as follows:--Secured to the com (see Fig. lll). livotally mounted at ou the member 55, rigidly secured` to 'the sleeve QS'by the screw key 58 is the cam 5l., Ie the circular disk is held to rotate with" tl shaft (l .wliile-tlie sleeve and the member 55 are arranged to `be rotatedlthereon, itjvill be seen that when such rotation on tent to which the cam member 5G project `'i beyond the surface of the circular disk 5l accordii'ig to the direction of such relative movement. .lf the speed lof the mot-or vrises tions per minute, the inlet valve cam 2T will he rotated backward upon the shaft `(l (the bythe arrows, Figs. 2 and il), thereby delaying the closii'ig of :the inlet valve during the compression strokeuntil a portion of the has been forced back through the inlet valve. This backward movement of the inlet valve ofythe roll 57 along the groove 52 and the length of the stroke of the oil pump will thus be diminished and the quantity of oil supplied to the carbureter reduced to correspond `to the 'diminished quantity of ,fresh 4air which will be drawn therethrough at the l next suction' stroke of the piston. If the' 'roll :2G to actuate the lever Q4 not earlier than the middle of the suction stroke of the pistons, it is evident that a cani'extending through nearly 90 could be employed if it were so set that the cam roll Q6 was engaged and the lever 2l actuated just after the beginning of the suction stroke of the pistons. lt is also evident that by employing a 'xcd cam in connection with the movable cani 27,

the inlet'valve might be positively opened at the-beginning of the suction stroke of the piston, the time of closing heilig varied according to the position of the movable cam. In this connection it is to be understood that the pipo .for supplying air to the carburetor is of such a length and-size that air 'whichehas once. been drawn into the carburetor and there mixed with the naphtha or gasolenc, i

will not be forced'back and out ofthe air supply` pipewhen a portion of the charge drawn into the cylinder is foi-eed back through the inlet valve during the first part of the compression stroke of the piston. On the next intake stroke the gases forced back -tlirough the carbureter will again be drawn therethrough, together with a quantity of` fresh air equal to the quantity of gas compressed aiid exploded in the cylinder, and' into this fresh air will be sprayed the measured amount of gasolene.

lt will be noted that the cam slot 52 in the disk 51 so shaped that the vthrow of 'the cam 56 will be progressively and graduall)T diminished as the speed .of the motor increasesnntil the cam roll 57 reaches the Vangle in the slot, when a further slight increase in the speed will "quickly reduce the throw to zero and the oil'pump will miss one or more strokes until the speed falls, they cam 27 at such a time beingy rotated toits extreme position so the inlet valve will not close until the middleI of the compression stroke or later. After one or two revolutions of the motor shaft, the speed will quickly drop as only fresh air will be drawn into the cylinder. These conditions, however, can exist only when the motor is running wild.y for when it is working under any appreciable load. a charge willl be exploded every other revolution, givingouly `a slight variation in speed.

The mechanism for automatically shifting they point of ignition to conform to the Speed of the motor and the-xsieblthe charge exploded -inthe' cylinder comprises a fixed con- 1 0 'such as copper, and is rigidly secured upon an. arm or bracket 60, being electrically iii- .s iilated' therefrom by means of fiber .or vulcanite 61. A binding post 62 .inelectrical connection With the contact` member 'and la insulated from the bracket 60 is provided forone terminal of the electric ,circuit,`t he vother terminal being'v any convenient point on themotor, the electrical connection with v the contact cambeing `made through the iva'rious shafts and bearings. InthisconnectionI desire to slta-tethat although I have shown my inve'ntionlas embodied in' a jump-spark systemk (the spark points, however, not 'being shown as. they may be of4 suitable form or type), it`h4 Will be ob' any iiions to thosejskilled in the art that my invention isfequally applicable to the makeand-break system ofelectrical ignition by uhstituting a cam roll and a lever-opere atively connected to the movable electrode,

'and by slightly altering the-shape of the contact l"'cam.`

The contact cam is shown at 63' aspro- .jected from a sleeve' 64 rotatably" mounted as upon the sleeve 28 which shifts the' inlet 'yalve cam. Pivotally connected to the lug on the sleeve 64;.is the lever or link 66 carrying at its end the elongated pin or stud '67 l coperating cam grooves in said members, aA

stud engaging said. grooves, and connections v'vhich passes-through a. cam slot 68 in the in bei' and also through a vei/'tica'l slot. '6' e circular disk 51.' Inasmuch as, disk- 'l i'flii'siigidly secured to shaft 6-While member is rotated on the -shaft'with the inletvalve cani 27, the stud 167 acting in the relatively.

Y55.iiizvvable cam slots 68 and 69 will, through the'flink 66 and lug, rotatefthe sleeve 64 andcontact cam 63 upon the'sleeve 28. The position and form ofthe cam slots .68 and 69 are Isuch that as the inlet valve cam 27 is aull t'oinatically shifted to reduce the charge, the point of ignition'will also be automatically shifted'v in conformity with ythe new conditions of speedand quantity of the'charge.

It `will 'be noted that the bracket 60 (see lf), is vvinountid upon the cam shaft 6, being secured to thev bearing for the shaft by means ofza set screw 70 passing through the slot 71fin the bracket 60. Byrst slightly loosening this set screw, the bracket may be Elli adjusted so that the ignition cam 63 vwill ma'kc. contact' with' thev contact member 59 'at the proper time in thefc'ycle. of operation y'of thejmachine. v j Myinventiomtherefore, in its broader as pects is not lmitedto the exact construction Ashown and described," as -it is evi d ent thatmany changes andinodliications may be'l made Without depart-ingfroni the'spirit vof my invention.l l

-I-laving thus described 'my invention, I claim as new and desire to securevbyyLetters Patent' of the: United States.

l. A hydro-carbon motor, having, in combination, a cylinder, a piston arranged to reciprocate therein, a' pump, a piston for the pump provided with afcam roll, a cam member, a pivotal support for one end of the member, a cam surface forl supporting Vthe other 'end of the member, and. means for' 4relatively moving said pivotal support and saidcam surface` tova-ry the throw of the cani, substantially as i:lesci'ibe` d VA hydro-'carbon motor, havingin combination, a. piston arranged to reciprocate therein, an' oil pump, a shaft, a support and a disk capable'of.l relative rotation carried by the shaft 'and` normally held to rotate therewith, a cam member pivotallymounted on the 'support and carrying a cam roll, a

cam groove in the: disk engaged by the camroll, meanscontrolled by the speed of the motor 'for relatively rotating the support andthe disk to vary the throw ofthe cam,

.and means actuated by the cam member for operating 4the pump, substantially as described; 'l Y 3. A hydro-'carbon motor, having, in combination,a cylinder, a piston'arranged to reciprocate therein,- an inletvalve, an ignition device,- a rotating shaft, an inlet valve cam and an ignition cam mounted on said shaft, a member fixed upon said shaft, a member rigidlyconnected with the inlet valve cam,

- 4. A'hydroecarbon motor, having, in co mbinatio'n, a cylinder, a piston arranged to reciprocate therein, fuel controlling means and connected mechanism operating auto- `niatically to diminish the quantityv of fuel supplied, the size of thejcharge,.and to-delay thetime of ignition', substantially fas described. v

5. A hydro-carbon motor, having, incombmation, a cyl1nder,a piston arranged to reciprocate therein, an inlet valve, fuel' con, trolling means, an* ignition device, and` y means controlled byv the speed of 4the vmotor for varying the quantity lof fiielsu'ppli'ed, and for delaying the closing the inlet valve, and the time of ignition, substantially asilescribed.

6. A hydro-carbon motor, having, in com bination, a cylinder, a piston arranged to retrolling means, and"fc'onnected mechanism for `varyin the time of closing the. inlet valve-and t e quantity of fuel supplied, substantially as described.

7. A hydro-carbon motor, having, in combnation, a cylinder, a piston arranged to reciprocate therein, a rotating shaft,van ignition cam mounted thereon, amember xedly secured upon the shaft and provided with a cam slot, a second member mounted upon the shaft and provided. with a cam slot, a

l cam roll passing through said slots, connec- .tions between the 6am roll and the ignition cam, vand mean's for shifting the second member upon the shaft, substantially as described. y p y In testimony whereof I aix my signature,

ALFRED H. HILDRETH, HORACE VAN. EVEREN. 

